Tomás de Aquino , Santo, aproximadamente 1225-1274

"Tomás de Aquino (en italiano, Tommaso D'Aquino; Roccasecca, Italia, 1224/1225-Abadía de Fossanuova, 7 de marzo de 1274) fue un teólogo y filósofo católico perteneciente a la Orden de Predicadores, el principal representante de la enseñanza escolástica, una de las mayores figuras de la teología sistemática y, a su vez, una de las fuentes más citadas de su época en metafísica, hasta el punto de, una vez muerto, ser considerado el referente de las escuelas del pensamiento tomista y neotomista. Es conocido también como Doctor Angélico, Doctor Común y Doctor de la Humanidad, apodos dados por la Iglesia católica, la cual lo recomienda para los estudios de filosofía y teología. Sus obras más conocidas son la Summa theologiae, compendio de la doctrina católica en la cual trata 495 cuestiones divididas en artículos, y la Summa contra gentiles, compendio de apología filosófica de la fe católica, que consta de 410 capítulos agrupados en 4 libros, redactado a petición de Raimundo de Peñafort. Asimismo, fue muy popular por su aceptación y comentarios sobre las obras de Aristóteles, señalando, por primera vez en la historia, que eran compatibles con la fe católica. A Tomás se le debe un rescate y reinterpretación de la metafísica y una obra de teología aún sin parangón, así como una teoría del Derecho que sería muy consultada posteriormente. Canonizado en 1323, fue declarado Doctor de la Iglesia en 1567 y santo patrón de las universidades y centros de estudio católicos en 1880. Su festividad se celebra el 28 de enero."

"St Thomas Aquinas O.P. (/əˈkwaɪnəs/; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; 1225 - 7 March 1274), was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church. He was an immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis. The name Aquinas identifies his ancestral origins in the county of Aquino in present-day Lazio, where his family held land until 1137. He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology and the father of Thomism. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy developed or opposed his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law, metaphysics, and political theory. Unlike many currents in the Church of the time, Thomas embraced several ideas put forward by Aristotle-whom he called "the Philosopher"-and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity. The works for which he is best known are the Summa Theologiae and the Summa contra Gentiles. His commentaries on Scripture and on Aristotle form an important part of his body of work. Furthermore, Thomas is distinguished for his eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the Church's liturgy. The Catholic Church honors Thomas Aquinas as a saint and regards him as the model teacher for those studying for the priesthood, and indeed the highest expression of both natural reason and speculative theology. In modern times, under papal directives, the study of his works was long used as a core of the required program of study for those seeking ordination as priests or deacons, as well as for those in religious formation and for other students of the sacred disciplines (philosophy, Catholic theology, church history, liturgy, and canon law). Thomas Aquinas is considered one of the Catholic Church's greatest theologians and philosophers. Pope Benedict XV declared: "This (Dominican) Order ... acquired new luster when the Church declared the teaching of Thomas to be her own and that Doctor, honored with the special praises of the Pontiffs, the master and patron of Catholic schools."