Economía

An economy (from Greek οίκος - household and νέμoμαι - manage) is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services by different agents. Understood in its broadest sense, 'The economy is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use, and management of resources'. A given economy is the result of a set of processes that involves its culture, values, education, technological evolution, history, social organization, political structure and legal systems, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. In other words, the economic domain is a social domain of human practices and transactions. It does not stand alone. Economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Economic transactions occur when two groups or parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. However, monetary transactions only account for a small part of the economic domain. Economic activity is spurred by production which uses natural resources, labor and capital. It has changed over time due to technology (automation, accelerator of process, reduction of cost functions), innovation (new products, services, processes, expanding markets, diversification of markets, niche markets, increases revenue functions) such as, that which produces intellectual property and changes in industrial relations (most notably child labor being replaced in some parts of the world with universal access to education). A market-based economy is one where goods and services are produced and exchanged according to demand and supply between participants (economic agents) by barter or a medium of exchange with a credit or debit value accepted within the network, such as a unit of currency. A command-based economy is one where political agents directly control what is produced and how it is sold and distributed. A green economy is low-carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. In a green economy, growth in income and employment is driven by public and private investments that reduce carbon emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. A gig economy is one in which short-term jobs are assigned or chosen via online platforms. New economy is a term referred to the whole emerging ecosystem where new standards and practices were introduced, usually as a result of technological innovations.

Economía (del griego οίκος - casa y νέμoμαι - administración) es la ciencia que se enfoca en la resolución de las necesidades y la generación y administración de la riqueza. El sentido griego de economía como administración de las necesidades domésticas se perdió en el siglo XVIII con la introducción del término 'economía política', popularizado por 'La riqueza de las naciones' de Adam Smith. Se llama actividad económica a cualquier actividad laboral donde se generan e intercambian productos, bienes o servicios para cubrir las necesidades de las poblaciones. La actividad económica permite la generación de riqueza dentro de una comunidad (ciudad, región y país) mediante la extracción, transformación y distribución de los recursos naturales o bien de algún tipo de servicio y recurso. En un sentido amplio, la economía se refiere a la organización del uso de recursos escasos (limitado o infinito) cuando se implementan para satisfacer las necesidades individuales o colectivas, por lo que es un sistema de interacciones que garantiza ese tipo de organización, también conocido como el sistema económico. Las actividades económicas abarcan tres fases: producción, distribución y consumo. Como la producción depende del consumo, la economía también analiza el comportamiento de los consumidores con respecto a los productos. Algunas actividades económicas son la agricultura, la ganadería, la industria, el comercio, y las comunicaciones.