Constituciones

A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity, and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a written constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a codified constitution. Some constitutions (such as that of the United Kingdom) are uncodified, but written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution defines the principles upon which the state is based, the procedure in which laws are made and by whom. Some constitutions, especially codified constitutions, also act as limiters of state power, by establishing lines which a state's rulers cannot cross, such as fundamental rights. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any country in the world, containing 444 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and 124 amendments, with 146,385 words in its English-language version. The Constitution of Monaco is the shortest written constitution, containing 10 chapters with 97 articles, and a total of 3,814 words. The Constitution of the United States is the world's oldest continuously-active codified constitution, having been in force since 1789. Only half of all constitutions function continuously for more than 19 years.

Una constitución es un texto codificado de carácter jurídico-político, surgido de un poder constituyente, que tiene el propósito de constituir la separación de poderes, definiendo y creando los poderes constituidos (legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial), que antes de la constitución estaban unidos o entremezclados, define sus respectivos controles y equilibrios (checks and balances), además es la ley fundamental de un Estado, con rango superior al resto de las normas jurídicas, fundamentando (según el normativismo) todo el ordenamiento jurídico, incluye el régimen de los derechos y libertades de los ciudadanos, también delimitando los poderes e instituciones de la organización política. En la actualidad también se tiene como costumbre adicionar normas ajenas a la regulación del poder político, dependiendo de la ideología, tales como los fundamentos del sistema económico. La constitución no constituye al estado o la nación, debido a que ambos ya son hechos anteriores constituidos. En ciencia política los estados que tienen separación de poderes se la añade el término \"constitucional\" a su forma de estado (como es el caso de la monarquía constitucional o la república constitucional). En el uso cotidiano del término, se le llama constitución a todas las leyes supremas de los Estados aunque no cuenten con separación de poderes.