Mariología

Mariology is the theological study of Mary, the mother of Jesus. Mariology seeks to relate doctrine or dogma about Mary to other doctrines of the faith, such as those concerning Jesus and notions about redemption, intercession and grace. Christian Mariology aims to place the role of the historic Mary in the context of scripture, tradition and the teachings of the Church on Mary. In terms of social history, Mariology may be broadly defined as the study of devotion to and thinking about Mary throughout the history of Christianity. There exist a variety of Christian (and non-Christian) views on Mary as a figure ranging from the focus on the veneration of Mary in Roman Catholic Mariology to criticisms of mariolatry as a form of idolatry. The latter would include certain Reformed objections, (Mariolatry). There are also more distinctive approaches to the role of Mary in Lutheran Marian theology and Anglican Marian theology . As a field of theology, the most substantial developments in Mariology (and the founding of specific centers devoted to its study) in recent centuries have taken place within Roman Catholic Mariology. Eastern Orthodox concepts and veneration of Mary are integral to the rite as a whole, (the theotokos) and are mostly expressed in liturgy. The veneration of Mary is said to permeate, in a way, the entire life of the Church as a dimension of dogma as well as piety, of Christology as well as of Ecclesiology. While similar to the Roman Catholic view, barring some minor differences, the Orthodox do not see a need for a separate academic discipline of Mariology, as the Mother of God is seen as the self-evident apogee of God's human creation. A significant number of Marian publications were written in the 20th century, with theologians Raimondo Spiazzi and Gabriel Roschini producing 2500 and 900 publications respectively. Ecumenical differences continue to exist in substance and style but are more easily understood through the study of Mariology. The Pontifical Academy of Mary and the Pontifical Theological Faculty Marianum in Rome are key Mariological centers.

La mariología es la parte de la teología cristiana que se dedica a la Virgen María. Además del estudio de su vida, tal como se refleja en los Evangelios, realiza interpretaciones acerca de distintos dogmas y doctrinas marianos: su naturaleza (Inmaculada Concepción, Asunción de la Virgen, Coronación de la Virgen etc.), su papel en la salvación ( -- o --), sus advocaciones (Reina de los Cielos, Madre de la Iglesia, Perpetuo Socorro, Esperanza, Auxiliadora etc.), y cómo debe realizarse su veneración o culto (el culto mariano, denominado hiperdulía). Mientras que en el protestantismo el papel de la Virgen es muy reducido, en el catolicismo, el anglicanismo y la iglesia ortodoxa se destaca mucho más. Véanse también: Dogmas y doctrinas marianas de la Iglesia Católica, Bienaventurada Virgen María, Espejo y paradigma mariano, Marianismo y Mariofanía. Entre las acusaciones que el protestantismo hace al catolicismo están las de desarrollar una adoración y veneración anticristiana de María (lo que se describe como marianismo o mariolatría), así como de inventar doctrinas no basadas en las Escrituras y que dan a María un estado semidivino, buscando duplicar en la vida de María eventos similares a los de la vida de Jesús. Igualmente niega la conveniencia de títulos como Reina de los Cielos, Nuestra Madre del Cielo, Reina del Mundo o Mediatriz. La posición de la Iglesia católica es que María era humana y por lo tanto no debe ser adorada mediante (latría), pero es especial entre los demás santos, y por lo tanto, merecedora de una especial veneración (dulía).