Derecho constitucional

Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or territorial governments. Not all nation states have codified constitutions, though all such states have a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law, or international rules and norms. Constitutional law deals with the fundamental principles by which the government exercises its authority. In some instances, these principles grant specific powers to the government, such as the power to tax and spend for the welfare of the population. Other times, constitutional principles act to place limits on what the government can do, such as prohibiting the arrest of an individual without sufficient cause. In most nations, such as the United States, India, and Singapore, constitutional law is based on the text of a document ratified at the time the nation came into being. Other constitutions, notably that of the United Kingdom, rely heavily on unwritten rules known as constitutional conventions; their status within constitutional law varies, and the terms of conventions are in some cases strongly contested.

Constitucionalismo es una ley que impone un poder político que se ha definido como \"un complejo de ideas, actitudes y pautas de comportamiento que establecen el principio de que la autoridad del gobierno deriva y está limitada por la parte principal de una ley suprema\".Su objetivo es arbitrar la autoridad y consagrar los derechos de los hombres y mujeres. En un régimen o sistema constitucionalista cualquier ley debe estar fundamentada en la constitución, por lo que todas las leyes quedan reguladas y supeditadas al articulado general de la constitución. Toute Société dans laquelle la garantie des Droits n'est pas assurée, ni la séparation des Pouvoirs déterminée, n'a point de Constitution. Una Sociedad en la que la garantía de los Derechos no está asegurada, ni la separación de los Poderes determinada, no tiene Constitución. Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano, Asamblea Nacional Constituyente (Francia), 23 de agosto de 1782.