Figura esencial del pensamiento jurídico, filosófico y físico del siglo XVI. Siguió sus estudios en la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. En 1525 ingresó en la Orden de los Dominicos. Sus obras, que fueron repetidamente editadas, otorgaron a su autor un merecido puesto de honor en la Universidad de Salamanca, en la que se le consideró una de las figuras más influyentes. Se desempeñó como teólogo imperial en el Concilio de Trento a petición de Carlos V y, más tarde, fue catedrático de la Universidad de Salamanca, sustituyendo a Melchor Cano. Describió el movimiento de caída libre de los cuerpos (Caída de los graves) en "Super octo libros Physicorum Aristotelis", anticipándose a Galileo, que lo leyó en Padua. Su producción fue muy rica, destacando obras como "De iustitia et iure".
Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: <blockquote>"Domingo de Soto (Segovia, 1494 - Salamanca, 1560), fraile dominico y teólogo español, confesor del emperador Carlos V."</blockquote>
Abstract from English Wikipedia: <blockquote>"Domingo de Soto (1494 - November 15, 1560) was a Dominican priest and Scholastic theologian born in Segovia, Spain, and died in Salamanca at the age of 66. He is best known as one of the founders of international law and of the Spanish Thomistic philosophical and theological movement known as the School of Salamanca. Trained in Alcalá, Spain, and Paris, France, before being made professor of Philosophy at Alcalá in 1520, he left academia in 1524 to join the Dominicans and returned to take the chair of theology at Salamanca University in 1532. He is best known in economic theory and theological circles for his writings defending the price differential in usury as compatible with "just price" from the perspective of the Thomists. He held powerful positions including Confessor of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the emperor's representative at the Council of Trent. In 1556, Soto published a treatise on law, De Justitia and Jure (Justice and the Law) that is considered a foundational text in the general theory of international law. Like his teacher Francisco de Vitoria, Soto condemned the Spanish conquests in the New World. In the 20th century, Pierre Duhem credited him with important achievements in dynamics and viewed his work as a forerunner of modern mechanics."</blockquote>