Portugal

Portugal, is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. The official and national language is Portuguese. Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. Inhabited by pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples, visited by Phoenicians-Carthaginians, Ancient Greeks and ruled by the Romans, who were followed by the invasions of the Suebi and Visigothic Germanic peoples. After the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, most of its territory was part of Al-Andalus. Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista. Founded in 868, the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of Sí£o Mamede (1128). The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique (1139), and independence from León was recognized by the Treaty of Zamora (1143). In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global maritime and commercial empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497-98) and the European discovery of what would become Brazil (1500). During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, divided the world into hemispheres of dominion with Castile, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil (1822) erased to a great extent Portugal's prior opulence. After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, later being superseded by the Estado Novo authoritarian regime. Democracy was restored after the Carnation Revolution (1974), ending the Portuguese Colonial War. Shortly after, independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories. The handover of Macau to China (1999) marked the end of what can be considered one of the longest-lived colonial empires. Portugal has left a profound cultural, architectural and linguistic influence across the globe, with a legacy of around 250 million Portuguese speakers, and many Portuguese-based creoles. It is a developed country with an advanced economy and high living standards. Additionally, it is highly placed in rankings of moral freedom (2nd), peacefulness (3rd), democracy (7th), press freedom (10th), stability (15th), social progress (18th), and prosperity (26th). A member of the United Nations and the European Union, Portugal was also one of the founding members of NATO, the eurozone, the OECD, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.

Portugal, oficialmente la República Portuguesa, es un país soberano miembro de la Unión Europea, constituido como un estado de derecho democrático. Es un país transcontinental, su territorio, con capital en Lisboa, está situado en el suroeste de Europa, en la península ibérica. Limita al este y al norte con España, y al sur y oeste con el océano Atlántico. Comprende también los archipiélagos autónomos de las Azores y Madeira situados en el hemisferio norte del océano Atlántico. El nombre de Portugal probablemente provenga del antiguo nombre de Oporto, del latín \"Portus-Galliae\" \"puerto de Galia, debido a que las naves galas frecuentaban este puerto\" o, más probablemente, de \"Portus-Cale\" \"topónimo atestiguado en la Chronica del historiador del siglo V Hidacio\", por un amarradero existente en un lugar fortificado llamado \"Cale\". Portugal ha sido un testigo histórico de un flujo constante de diferentes civilizaciones durante los últimos 3100 años. Tartessos, celtas, fenicios, cartagineses, griegos, romanos, germanos (suevos y visigodos), musulmanes, judíos y otros pueblos han dejado huella en la cultura, historia, lenguaje y etnia. Durante los siglos XV y XVI, Portugal fue una potencia económica, social y cultural mundial, así como un imperio que se extendía desde Brasil hasta las Indias Orientales. Posteriormente, sobre todo tras las Guerras Napoleónicas y la independencia de Brasil entre finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX, Portugal empezó a vivir periodos convulsos. Con la Revolución de 1910, terminó la monarquía, después de haber tenido, de 1139 a 1910, 34 monarcas. El país vivió bajo una dictadura entre 1933 y 1974, cuando cayó tras una revuelta conocida como la Revolución de los Claveles. En 1986 ingresó en la Unión Europea y, desde 2001, forma parte de la eurozona. Es un país desarrollado, con un índice de desarrollo humano (IDH) considerado como \"muy elevado\", y con una alta tasa de alfabetización. El país está clasificado como el 19.º con mejor calidad de vida, tiene uno de los mejores servicios sanitarios del planeta y es considerado una nación globalizada y pacífica. Asimismo, es el 18.º destino turístico mundial en volumen de visitantes. Es miembro de la ONU, la Unión Europea (incluyendo la eurozona y el Espacio Schengen), la OTAN, la OCDE y la CPLP, entre otros. También participa en las fuerzas de paz de las Naciones Unidas.