Privilegios

A privilege is a certain entitlement to immunity granted by the state or another authority to a restricted group, either by birth or on a conditional basis. Land-titles and taxi medallions are pronounced examples of transferable privilege. These can be revoked in certain circumstances. In modern democratic states, a privilege is conditional and granted only after birth. By contrast, a right is an inherent, irrevocable entitlement held by all citizens or all human beings from the moment of birth. Various examples of old common law privilege still exist, to title deeds, for example. Etymologically, a privilege (privilegium) means a private law, or rule relating to a specific individual or institution. Note that the principles of conduct that members of the legal profession observe in their practice are called Legal ethics. Boniface's abbey of Fulda, to cite an early and prominent example, was granted privilegium, setting the abbot in direct contact with the pope, bypassing the jurisdiction of the local bishop. One of the objectives of the French Revolution was the abolition of privilege. This meant the removal of separate laws for different social classes (nobility, clergy, and ordinary people), instead subjecting everyone to the same common law. Privileges were abolished by the National Constituent Assembly on August 4, 1789.

Privilegio es la ventaja exclusiva o especial (como la exención de una obligación general o el permiso para condiciones de exclusividad) que goza por concesión de un superior o por determinada circunstancia propia. Se opone al moderno concepto de derechos, y puede identificarse con el antiguo concepto de honor. Respondiendo a su origen etimológico (el latín privilegium), puede definirse como una \"ley privada\", o sea, no pública o general, sino relativa a un individuo o cuerpo social específico y distinguido de los demás. En origen los estamentos privilegiados de la sociedad feudal y del Antiguo Régimen eran un cuerpo social definido por el privilegio, mientras que el concepto de clase privilegiada en la sociedad contemporánea se equipara en el lenguaje usual al de clase dirigente o clase alta, la que dispone de mayor riqueza y poder político; equivalente a conceptos como \"élite\" o \"aristocracia\".